Abstract
Class III peroxidase (PRX) genes play essential roles in various processes, such as auxin catabolism, removal of H(2)O(2), crosslinking cell wall components, and response to biotic and abiotic stresses. In this study, we identified 166, 78 and 89 PRX genes from G. hirsutum, G. arboretum and G. raimondii, respectively. These PRX genes were classified into seven subfamilies based on phylogenetic tree analysis and the classification of PRX genes in Arabidopsis. Segmental duplication and purifying selection were the major factors driving the evolution of GhPRXs. GO and KEGG enrichment analysis revealed that GhPRX genes were mainly associated with responding to oxidative stresses, peroxidase activities and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathways. Transcriptome data analysis showed that GhPRX genes expression were significantly different in microspore development between the sterility line-JinA and the maintainer line MB177. We confirmed the up-regulation of GhPRX107 and down-regulation of GhPRX128 in the sterile line compared to its maintainer line using qRT-PCR, suggesting their roles in pollen fertility. In addition, silencing GhPRX107 in cotton showed a significant decrease of the reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels of microsporocyte stage anthers compared to control. Overexpressing GhPRX107 in Arabidopsis significantly increased the ROS levels of anthers compared to wild type. In conclusion, we identified GhPRX107 as a determinant of ROS levels in anther. This work sets a foundation for PRX studies in pollen development.