Abstract
Understanding the mechanisms underlying the selective susceptibility to ischemia of the CA3 region is very important to explain the neuropathology of memory loss after brain ischemia. We used a rat model to study changes in gene expression of the amyloid protein precursor and its cleaving enzymes and tau protein in the hippocampal CA3 sector, after transient 10-min global brain ischemia with survival times of 2, 7, and 30 days. The expression of the α-secretase gene was below control values at all times studied. But, the expression of the β-secretase gene was below the control values at 2-7 days after ischemia and the maximal increase in its expression was observed on day 30. Expression of the presenilin 1 gene was significantly elevated above the control values at 2-7 days after ischemia and decreased below the control values at day 30. Expression of the presenilin 2 gene showed an opposite trend to the expression of presenilin 1. Expression of the amyloid protein precursor gene after ischemia was at all times above the control values with a huge significant overexpression on day 7. Additionally, the expression of the tau protein gene was below the control values 2 days after ischemia, but the significant increase in its expression was observed on days 7-30. Data show that brain ischemia activates neuronal changes and death in the CA3 region of the hippocampus in a manner dependent on amyloid and tau protein, thus determining a new and important way to regulate the survival and/or death of ischemic neurons.