Abstract
Rationale: Liver injury must be further characterized to identify novel therapeutic approaches. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress may cause hepatocyte death. Gα(12) affects cell viability and its expression varies depending on physiological conditions. This study investigated whether hepatocyte-specific Gα(12) overexpression affects acute liver injury, and if so, what the underlying mechanisms and treatment strategies are. Methods: All experiments were performed using human liver, hepatocytes, and toxicant injury models with Gna12 KO and/or hepatocyte-specific Gα(12) overexpression. RNA-sequencing, immunoblotting, immunohistochemistry, reporter assays, and mutation assays were conducted. Results: Hepatic Gα(12) was overexpressed in mice challenged with acetaminophen or other ER stress inducers or in patients with acute liver injury or fibrosis/cirrhosis. Several Gα(12) and ER-associated pathways were identified using transcriptomic analysis. Acetaminophen intoxication was characterized by lipid peroxide-induced ferroptosis and was less severe in Gα(12)-deficient animals and cells. Conversely, Gα(12) overexpression in wild-type or Gna12 KO hepatocytes increased hepatotoxicity, promoting lipid peroxidation, inflammation, and ferroptosis. IRE1α-dependent Xbp1 transactivated Gna12. Moreover, Gα(12) overexpression enhanced the ability of acetaminophen to induce ALOX12, while downregulating GPX4. The level of miR-15a, herein identified as an ALOX12 inhibitor, was decreased. siRNA knockdown or pharmacological inhibition of ROCK1 prevented dysregulation of ALOX12 and GPX4, rescuing animals from toxicant-induced ferroptosis. These changes or correlations among the targets were confirmed in human liver specimens and datasets of livers exposed to other injurious medications. Conclusions: Gα(12) overexpression by ER stress facilitates hepatocyte ferroptosis through ROCK1-mediated dysregulation of ALOX12, and miR-15a, supporting the concept that inhibition of Gα(12) overexpression and/or ROCK1 axis may constitute a promising strategy for acute liver injury.