The Cost of Not Retesting: Human Immunodeficiency Virus Misdiagnosis in the Antiretroviral Therapy "Test-and-Offer" Era

We compared estimated costs of retesting human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive persons before antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation to the costs of ART provision to misdiagnosed HIV-negative persons. Savings from averted unnecessary ART costs were greater than retesting costs within 1 year using assumptions representative of HIV testing performance in programmatic settings. Countries should implement re-testing before ART initiation.