Abstract
BACKGROUND: Pseudoaneurysm of the mitral-aortic intervalvular fibrosa (P-MAIVF) after infective endocarditis and/or valve replacement is rarely reported, and transesophageal echocardiography and cardiac multidetector computed tomography are useful for diagnosis. Surgery is mostly recommended to prevent fatal complications. CASE PRESENTATION: A 61-year-old man underwent repeat aortic valve replacement (AVR) with repair of a P-MAIVF due to hemolytic anemia 6 years after AVR, and 4 months after treatment of sepsis and an infected abdominal aortic aneurysm. Two years after the surgery, the patient is alive and well with no recurrence. CONCLUSIONS: The present case was considered to be a very rare case in which surgery was performed because the blood flow entering and leaving the P-MAIVF contacted the prosthetic valve ring, resulting in hemolysis, severe anemia, and heart failure.