Abstract
Reporting of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) co-infections with other respiratory pathogens has varied. We evaluated 825,280 molecular and/or viral culture respiratory assays within the Veterans Health Administration from September 29, 2019 to May 31, 2020. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was detected in 10,222 of 174,746 (5.8%) individuals. 30,063 (17.2%) of 174,746 individuals tested for SARS-CoV-2 had additional respiratory pathogen testing; co-infection was identified in 56 of 3757 (1.5%) individuals positive for SARS-CoV-2. Among those negative for SARS-CoV-2, 1022 of 26,306 (3.9%) were positive for at least 1 respiratory pathogen. Compared to COVID-19 mono-infection, individuals with COVID-19 co-infection had lower odds of being female. Compared to non-COVID-19 respiratory pathogen infection, individuals with COVID-19 co-infection had lower odds of being female, were hospitalized more frequently, had higher odds of death, and were younger at death. Our findings suggest COVID-19 co-infections were rare; however, not all COVID-19 patients were concurrently tested for other respiratory pathogens and seasonal decreases in other respiratory pathogens were occurring as COVID-19 emerged.