Abstract
BACKGROUND: Sleep quality decline is common among older adults, affecting their physical and mental health and reducing quality of life. Research shows a notable link between older adults' nutritional status, frailty, and sleep quality. OBJECTIVE: This study delves into the interaction between older adults' nutritional status and frailty on sleep quality, aiming to offer scientific strategies for improving sleep. METHODS: Via convenience sampling, a one-year cross-sectional survey was conducted on 14,021 seniors aged 60+ from 7 medical facilities, 3 communities, and 5 nursing homes in Zunyi, Guizhou. The survey covered general data, FRAIL Scale, MNA-SF, and PSQI. Logistic regression explored relationships, and a generalized linear model evaluated interactions. RESULTS: Of the 14,021 older adults, 24.3% had poor sleep. Factors like gender, age, education, residence, income, habits, social engagement, physicals, exercise, and support was significantly associated with sleep quality (all p < 0.05). Logistic regression affirmed nutritional status (OR = 1.076-1.193) and frailty (OR = 3.472-6.050). After controlling variables, generalized linear model showed nutritional status (B = 0.007), frailty (B = 1.145), and their interaction (B = 0.214), being significant (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Malnutrition and frailty synergistically exacerbate sleep disturbances in older adults. Integrated interventions targeting nutritional support and frailty mitigation are critical to improving sleep health in this vulnerable population.