Abstract
BACKGROUND: Sleep is an essential physiological function in humans and is a key indicator for mental health. During pregnancy, poor sleep quality is a common issue that can affect maternal and fetal outcome. This study aims to assess the prevalence of poor sleep quality and its associated factors among pregnant women attending the antenatal care clinic at Woldia Comprehensive and Specialized Hospital, Ethiopia, in 2023. METHODS: An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted from January to February 2023. Participants were selected using a systematic sampling method, and data were collected through a pre-tested interviewer-administered questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using SPSS Version 25. Both bi-variable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify factors associated with poor sleep quality. Statistical significance was determined at p-value < 0.05. RESULTS: A total of 415 participants were included in the study, making a response rate of 97.4%. The prevalence of poor quality of sleep (PSQI > 5) was identified among 51.33% (213) of pregnant women. Urban residency (AOR: 4.01; 95% CI: 2.29-7.03), primiparous women (AOR: 2.08; 95% CI: 1.02-4.34), and multiparous women (AOR: 2.7; 95% CI: 1.37-5.55), compared to nulliparous women; second trimester pregnancy (AOR: 0.56; 95% CI: 0.34-0.92) compared to third trimester; unplanned pregnancy (AOR: 3.10; 95% CI: 2.15-5.81), low hemoglobin levels (AOR: 2.17; 95% CI: 1.24-4.42); alcohol consumption in the past month (AOR: 2.01; 95% CI: 1.13-3.85); and caffeine intake after dinner (AOR: 2.27; 95% CI: 1.47-7.62) were significantly associated with poor sleep quality. CONCLUSION: More than half of pregnant women in the study area were identified as having poor sleep quality. Residency, parity, type of pregnancy, gestational age, low hemoglobin level, alcohol use in the past one month, and caffeine intake after dinner were significantly associated with poor quality of sleep among pregnant women. Therefore, it is advisable to take actions such as providing behavioral change counseling on sleep hygiene practices and addressing the factors associated with poor sleep quality during antenatal care.