Abstract
Magnesium (Mg(2+)) is a commonly used dietary supplement for the prevention and treatment of diseases. However, the efficacy and mechanisms of action of Mg(2+) in most diseases have been controversial because of conflicting findings in earlier studies. Recent clinical and preclinical studies provide novel insights into the use of Mg(2+) for the treatment and prevention of diseases affecting different organ systems. In this review, we provide an overview of recent clinical evidence for, and controversies over, the medical benefits of Mg(2+). In addition, we critically discuss recent advances in understanding the mechanisms of action of Mg(2+), which could enable the development of novel targeted therapies.