Abstract
Childhood trauma resulting from violence, abuse, and neglect has long-term effects on health and is linked to the development of diseases and mental disorders, including depression. It turns out that traumatic experiences in childhood can also foster traits of perfectionism, whose maladaptive form may further increase the risk of developing depression. The aim of this study was to assess the role of perfectionism in the relationship between childhood trauma and depression in adulthood. The analysis involved 308 participants (73 with depression and 235 healthy controls). The study used questionnaires assessing childhood traumatic experiences (MACE-58) and perfectionism levels (KPAD). The results showed that individuals with depression exhibited higher maladaptive perfectionism and a greater severity of trauma, particularly physical violence and sexual abuse. Traumatic experiences, especially sexual abuse and physical violence from peers, were significant predictors of depression. It was found that maladaptive perfectionism mediated the relationship between trauma and depression, eliminating the direct link in the case of some traumas, such as sexual abuse. The study highlights the significant role of maladaptive perfectionism in the development of depression in individuals who experienced traumatic events in childhood, suggesting that interventions aimed at reducing this type of perfectionism may positively impact depression treatment.