Abstract
BACKGROUND: Narcissistic personality disorder (NPD) has never been applied in Chinese clinical practice, and the distribution of NPD in the clinical population of China is largely unknown. The current study uses two-stage clinic-based screening to investigate the frequency and clinical features of NPD in a Chinese help-seeking sample. METHODS: A total of 1402 consecutive outpatients ages 18-60 were recruited during their visit to the Shanghai Mental Health Center and screened with the Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire Fourth Edition Plus (PDQ-4+) and Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) Axis II (SCID-II). The structured clinical interview was administered to estimate the rate of NPD and the frequency of each disorder criterion. RESULTS: The frequency estimate of NPD in the total sample was 4.0%. Among the 56 outpatients who met the criteria for NPD, there were more males than females, and many had a better educational background. The SCID-II interviews revealed high frequencies of diagnostic criterion 1 ("exaggerated sense of self-importance. NPD likely overlaps with Histrionic PD, Borderline PD, and Paranoid PD. This two stage screening method can enhance detection of Chinese NPD patients in clinical settings. CONCLUSIONS: Narcissism pathology is not rare in the Chinese psychiatric community when using the DSM-IV NPD criteria. Existing evidence suggests, at least indirectly, that there are important benefits of NPD diagnosis in psychiatric practice.