Abstract
Background: This study examined the interplay between age, exercise, BMI, and cardiovascular health, addressing the growing global health concern of obesity and its link to heart disease. Methods: This research utilized data from an Italian dietary survey and the Dutch Longitudinal Internet Studies for the Social Sciences (LISS) panel. Statistical analyses included an ANOVA, linear regression, Mann-Whitney tests, regression with interaction terms, and stratified logistic regression to analyze the impact of age and exercise on BMI and cardiovascular risk. Results: This study revealed that BMI increased with age while exercise participation declined, particularly among women. Exercise consistently lowered BMI across all age groups, with no significant interaction between age and exercise. Additionally, age-related increases in cardiovascular risk factors were confirmed, with a higher susceptibility to heart disease in older age. Conclusions: These findings highlight the importance of maintaining physical activity to mitigate the risks of obesity and cardiovascular disease. The observed age-specific trends support the development of tailored prevention programs to promote healthier lifestyles across all age groups.