Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Volatile anesthetics offer protection when administered throughout an ischemic injury. We examined how volatile anesthetics modulate the cardiac myocytic injury associated with hydrogen peroxide. METHODS: Forty-eight Long-Evans rats were divided into four groups depending on the treatment: none (CONT), Glibenclamide (GLB); Sevoflurane (SEV); or GLB+SEV. Each group was further divided into two, one of which was exposed to hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)). Oral GLB was administered 48 hours before myocardial isolation. All rats were anesthetized by intraperitoneal injection of Ketamine, and the hearts were harvested after heparinization. Cardiomyocytes were isolated using a combination of mechanical mincing and enzymatic digestion. After isolation, the aliquots of cells were exposed to H(2)O(2) and FeSO(4) for 30 minutes. The cell suspensions were then bubbled for 10 minutes with 100% oxygen and 1.5% SEV if appropriate. Apoptosis was detected by fluorescein-bound annexin-V (ANX-V), necrosis by propidium iodide, and ELISA assessed caspase-3 activity in all groups. RESULTS: There was an increase in apoptosis, necrosis, and caspase-3 activity in the cells following exposure to hydrogen peroxide. SEV reduced the rate of cell necrosis and apoptosis. Pretreatment with GLB did not alter the effects of SEV. Similarly, caspase-3 activity did not change with GLB, although SEV administration reduced this enzymatic activity in response to hydrogen peroxide. CONCLUSION: In this oxidant injury model, we demonstrated that incubating isolated cardiomyocytes with SEV profoundly diminished H(2)O(2)-induced apoptotic and necrotic cells compared to their CONTs. These results support the hypothesis that K(ATP) channels are not the sole mediators associated with anesthetic preconditioning.