Abstract
Starch is a principal storage component in plants, significantly influencing the yield and quality traits of major crops. Climate change, particularly drought and high temperatures, severely affects starch biosynthesis in crops, leading to reduced starch yield and quality. The composition and properties of native starch, such as its low amylose content, substantially affect its nutritional value and industrial applications. To tackle these issues, genes coding for starch synthetic enzymes or those involved in the regulation of starch biosynthesis could be targeted for site-directed mutation to improve starch traits in crops. The application of gene editing technology in crops, notably CRISPR/Cas9, has facilitated the precise manipulation of starch biosynthesis. This review summarizes current knowledge on the biosynthesis and regulation of starch and the influence of climate change on these processes. It highlights advancements in modifying starch biosynthesis in food crops using CRISPR/Cas9. We discuss the strategy of improving starch traits and stress tolerance in response to climate change challenges and propose future directions for research on starch modification in food crops. Developing climate resilient crops capable of stable starch production is crucial for ensuring food security in the face of a changing global climate and an increasing world population.