Abstract
BACKGROUND: Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is a prevalent degenerative disease affecting synovial joints, predominantly the knee, leading to various complications, including mental health conditions like depression and anxiety. This systematic review aimed to determine the prevalence of depression and anxiety in knee OA patients. METHODS: A comprehensive literature search was conducted in various databases till September 15, 2023. Studies focusing on the prevalence of mental health issues in patients with knee OA were included, excluding narrative reviews, protocols, unpublished reports, editorials, case reports, abstracts, and commentaries. All statistical analyses were performed in R version 4.2.3. RESULTS: This review included a total of 14 studies involving middle-aged to elderly adult patients with knee OA, with ages ranging from 45 to 75 years. Among these, 13 studies involving 3390 adult patients with an average age of 59.75 years reported a pooled prevalence of depression of 30% (95% confidence interval: 18-43), demonstrating a substantial heterogeneity (I (2)=98%). Additionally, anxiety was identified with a combined prevalence of 27% (95% confidence interval: 24-30) based on three studies that included 1407 older adult patients with an average age of 62.1 years. These studies displayed minimal heterogeneity (I (2)=7%). CONCLUSION: The findings show a significant prevalence of depression among adult patients with knee OA and anxiety among older adults with knee OA, emphasizing the need for integrated healthcare approaches that address both orthopedic and mental health conditions. More comprehensive research is essential to deepen our understanding of the connection between mental illnesses and knee OA and to develop effective preventive and treatment strategies.