Abstract
The epigenetic regulation of N6-methyladenosine (m(6)A) has attracted considerable interest in tumor research, but the potential roles of m(6)A regulator-related genes, remain largely unknown within the context of gastric cancer (GC) and tumor microenvironment (TME). Here, a comprehensive strategy of data mining and computational biology utilizing multiple datasets based on 28 m(6)A regulators (including novel anti-readers) was employed to identify m(6)A regulator-related genes and patterns and elucidate their underlying mechanisms in GC. Subsequently, a scoring system was constructed to evaluate individual prognosis and immunotherapy response. Three distinct m(6)A regulator-related patterns were identified through the unsupervised clustering of 56 m(6)A regulator-related genes (all significantly associated with GC prognosis). TME characterization revealed that these patterns highly corresponded to immune-inflamed, immune-excluded, and immune-desert phenotypes, and their TME characteristics were highly consistent with different clinical outcomes and biological processes. Additionally, an m(6)A-related scoring system was developed to quantify the m(6)A modification pattern of individual samples. Low scores indicated high survival rates and high levels of immune activation, whereas high scores indicated stromal activation and tumor malignancy. Furthermore, the m(6)A-related scores were correlated with tumor mutation loads and various clinical traits, including molecular or histological subtypes and clinical stage or grade, and the score had predictive values across all digestive system tumors and even in all tumor types. Notably, a low score was linked to improved responses to anti-PD-1/L1 and anti-CTLA4 immunotherapy in three independent cohorts. This study has expanded the important role of m(6)A regulator-related genes in shaping TME diversity and clinical/biological traits of GC. The developed scoring system could help develop more effective immunotherapy strategies and personalized treatment guidance.