Abstract
This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the effectiveness of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) mobilization in individuals with temporomandibular disorders (TMDs), using data from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and before-after studies without control groups. Human studies assessing outcomes, including muscle activity, pain intensity, oral and cervical range of motion, and self-reported measures before and after mobilization, and comparing these results with those of individuals who received other conventional TMD treatments, were considered. Study selection and data extraction were performed by two independent reviewers, with a third reviewer resolving any disagreements. Of the 652 studies identified, five met the inclusion criteria. The evidence shows improvements in pain intensity, range of motion, and other patient-reported outcomes, following TMJ mobilization. These effects were observed immediately after treatment, showed a slight decrease at one week, and were further enhanced at four weeks. Compared to the control group, our meta-analyses demonstrate a significant reduction in pain intensity (mean difference = -2.90) and a significant improvement in mouth opening (mean difference = 10.76) at four weeks post-mobilization. The findings indicate that TMJ mobilization may serve as an effective short-term intervention for managing TMD, especially in the initial stages of treatment. However, further RCTs with long-term follow-up are warranted.