Abstract
As the old paradigm of cell-based cartilage treatment has shifted to promising cell-free therapy, the role of secretome has been more profound. To provide the best environment for cartilage regeneration is to provide the most optimum condition and composition of the secretome which has to be more chondrogenic. The currently available crude secretome does not specifically provide the necessary condition for cartilage. This topic will discuss the three most recent advancements to improve the efficacy and reliability of the secretome. The first is to yield a secretome with more chondrogenic properties that can be harvested from a novel three-dimensional cell culture using a bovine cartilage scaffold as culture medium. One of the pearls of secretome is the availability for transport and storage. Therefore, freeze-drying the secretome can be seen to improve stability for transport and storage. Lastly, this secretome must be applicable in cartilage problems. An animal study has been conducted to prove the efficacy of this secretome in osteoarthritis model. Histological evaluation shows promising changes after the application.