Abstract
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to prepare oriented scaffolds derived from a cartilage extracellular matrix (CECM) and to investigate their physicochemical property and compatibility with adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs). METHODS: A fresh porcine articular cartilage was cut into pieces. Cartilage nanofibers with diameters of 50-500 nm were collected through homogenization and centrifugation. These nanofibers were then decellularized by using Triton X-100 to produce 6% CECM. The oriented scaffolds derived from the nanoscale CECM were fabricated through unidirectional solidification and lyophilization. Afterward, these scaffolds were crosslinked. The physical and chemical performances and cell compatibility of CECM-oriented scaffolds were evaluated. RESULTS: The cross-sections of the scaffolds contained homogeneous reticular porous structures with nanofibers on the walls of the pores, and the longitudinal sections revealed vertical tubular structures. Hematoxylin-eosin staining revealed that the scaffolds were red without blue. Toluidine blue, safranin O, and Sirius red staining showed positive results. The porosity, water absorption rate, and vertical compressive elastic modulus of the scaffolds were 95.455%±0.910%, 95.889%±1.071%, and (40.208±5.097) kPa, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The components of the oriented scaffolds derived from CECM are similar to those of native cartilage with favorable biocompatibility. The porous structures and sizes of the scaffolds are suitable for the adhesion, proliferation, and infiltration of ADSCs. The oriented scaffolds derived from CECM are relatively optimal for cartilage tissue engineering.
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