Abstract
Liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) form the predominant microvasculature in the liver where they carry out many functions including the secretion of coagulation factor VIII (FVIII). To investigate the early origins of this lineage, we develop an efficient and scalable protocol to produce human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived LSEC progenitors characterized as venous endothelial cells (VECs) from different mesoderm subpopulations. Using a sensitive and quantitative vascular competitive transplantation assay, we demonstrate that VECs generated from BMP4 and activin A-induced KDR+CD235a/b+ mesoderm are 50-fold more efficient at LSEC engraftment than venous cells from BMP4 and WNT-induced KDR+CD235a/b- mesoderm. When transplanted into immunocompromised hemophilia A mice (NSG-HA), these VECs engraft the liver, proliferate, and mature to functional LSECs that secrete bioactive FVIII capable of correcting the bleeding phenotype. Together, these findings highlight the importance of appropriate mesoderm induction for generating hPSC-derived LSECs capable of functioning in a preclinical model of hemophilia A.