Abstract
In mice, induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells with embryonic stem (ES)-like characteristics have been derived by ectopic expression of four transcription factors in somatic cells: Sox2, Oct3/4, Klf4 and/or c-Myc. To date, iPS cells have only be made from freshly harvested tissues and cells. However, if iPS cells could be derived from frozen tissues and cells, then cryopreservation of tissues such as mouse tails could conceivably become a reliable alternative to the more traditional formats, like germplasm and ES cells, for the archiving of genetically altered mouse lines. To test this hypothesis, we sought to demonstrate that a live transgenic mouse line could be recovered from transgenic iPS cells derived from cryopreserved mouse tissues. Tails and tail-derived fibroblasts from a DsRED transgenic mouse were cryopreserved in the presence of 5% dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) in liquid nitrogen for 1 week and 1 month, respectively. Afterward, tissues and cells were thawed and underwent nuclear reprogramming by molecular transfection to derive iPS cells which generated germline confirmed transgenic mice. Our results demonstrate for the first time that iPS cells can be efficiently derived from frozen-stored-thawed tail tissue and fibroblasts and used to re-establish a transgenic mouse line. Therefore, this study provides conclusive evidence that, as a practical matter, frozen tails and fibroblasts can be used as an effective and reliable alternative to frozen germplasm and ES cells for the storage, maintenance, and distribution of genetically-altered mutant mice.