Abstract
BACKGROUND The neutrophil inflammatory protein, lipocalin-2 (NGAL), is elevated in certain forms of cardiac hypertrophy and acute heart failure. However, the specific role of NGAL in cardiac hypoxia injury is unclear. This study aimed to elucidate the functional role of NGAL in cardiomyocyte hypoxia injury. MATERIAL AND METHODS Neonatal rat cardiomyocytes were transfected with adenovirus [(Ad-NGAL] to overexpress human-NGAL and then were exposed to hypoxia for 24 h to establish a hypoxia model. Cell inflammation was detected by RT-PCT and ELISA assay. Cell apoptosis was detected by TUNEL assay. Oxidative stress was also detected by commercial kits. RESULTS An increased inflammatory response, apoptosis, and augmented oxidative stress were observed after exposure to hypoxia, while NGAL overexpression in cells increased the expression and release of inflammatory cytokines. NGAL overexpression also increased the number of apoptotic cells and the imbalance of Bax/Bcl-2 protein expression. Moreover, NGAL overexpression increased the levels of reactive oxygen species and oxidase activity, but reduced anti-oxidase activity. Mechanistically, we found that NGAL decreased the expression of integrin ß3, but not the expression of integrin avß3 and avß5, thus inhibiting the downstream protein AKT. When we used the constitutively activated AKT overexpression adenovirus to activate AKT, the deteriorated phenotype by NGAL was counteracted. CONCLUSIONS NGAL can directly affect cardiomyocytes and cause cardiomyocyte deteriorated hypoxia injury through inhibiting integrin ß3 signaling.