Congenital cytomegalovirus infection associated with development of neonatal emphysematous lung disease

A 26-week-gestation infant developed cystic lung changes which required lobar resection at 6 weeks of age. Lung histology showed cytomegalovirus (CMV) inclusion bodies. The authors present the radiology and histology images of this case and review the literature regarding congenital CMV infection and cystic lung disease. Lung disease caused by CMV is typically a diffuse pneumonitis. This is the first reported case of congenital CMV infection causing emphysematous lung disease to develop in the neonatal period. The case raises awareness of CMV as a possible cause of cystic lung lesions in newborns.