Abstract
OBJECTIVES: Given the lack of effective treatments for periodontal bone tissue regeneration, this study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of Polycaprolactone-Polyethylene glycol (PCL-PEG) electrospun nanofibers combined with amniotic homogenate supernatant (AMH) on periodontal bone repair. METHODS: PCL-PEG electrospun nanofibers were prepared by electrospinning and characterized. In vitro, hPDLSCs were divided into control, AMH, PCL-PEG, and PCL-PEG+AMH groups, and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and western blot assays were used to detect osteogenic genes and proteins (Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP), Collagen Type 1 (COL1), Runt-Related Transcription Factor 2 (RUNX2)) to evaluate cell proliferation and osteogenic differentiation. In vivo, a rat periodontal bone defect model was established. The rats were divided into three groups: a blank control group, a PCL-PEG + PDLSCs group, and a PCL-PEG+AMH + PDLSCs group, and hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining and micro-computed tomography (Micro-CT) analyzed new bone formation after 4 weeks. RESULTS: PCL-PEG nanofibers had a "fishnet" 3D structure, good hydrophilicity, mechanical strength, and biocompatibility. Both in vitro and in vivo, the PCL-PEG+AMH group exhibited the strongest osteogenic potential and the highest amount of new bone formation. CONCLUSIONS: The combination of electrospun nanofibers and AMH can boost periodontal stem cell functions, enhancing alveolar bone repair and providing a new type of support for periodontal bone tissue regeneration.