Abstract
BACKGROUND: Diversity in leadership drives innovation; however, women are underrepresented in leadership positions across academic medicine. The aim of this study was to assess the current gender representation in hand surgery leadership positions. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional analysis of leaders in hand surgery. Leaders were defined as President, Board and Committee members of the American Society for Surgery of the Hand and the American Association for Hand Surgery, as well as hand surgery fellowship program directors and physician lead editors of peer-reviewed hand journals. The representation of women in leadership was compared to the percentage of female hand fellows over the same period. Years in practice, academic rank, additional degrees, h-index, m-index, National Institutes of Health (NIH) funding, publications, and citations were compared between male and female leaders. RESULTS: Twenty-nine of 213 leadership positions (13.6%) are held by women which is fewer than would be expected based on hand surgery fellowship composition. Female leaders were earlier in practice than their male counterparts (13.5 ± 5.7 versus 20.8 ± 11.1 years, P < .01). Women were more likely to hold position of assistant professor and less likely to be full professors (P < .05). There was no gender difference in NIH funding, h-index, m-index, publications, or citations. The greatest gender disparity was at the level of National Society President, which is a title held by only 2 women and 119 men. CONCLUSIONS: Gender disparities in hand surgery exist and are accentuated at the leadership level. Further work is needed to decrease leadership promotion disparities between men and women.