Abstract
Pyroptosis, a form of programmed cell death, is widely involved in the occurrence and development of various diseases. Its mechanism relies primarily on the activation of pyroptosis proteins, making their expression levels crucial biological markers for assessing the degree of pyroptosis. In the progression of diseases, regulating pyroptosis can alleviate tissue damage and promote repair; in cancer treatment, inducing pyroptosis in cancer cells is also considered a potential therapeutic strategy. In recent years, acellular therapies have garnered significant attention in clinical research, with extracellular vesicles (EVs) (such as exosomes) emerging as novel acellular therapeutic tools. Exosomes exhibit remarkable potential for the treatment of various diseases, particularly in regulating pyroptosis. Owing to their diverse biological functions, exosomes derived from different sources of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) play distinct roles in treating different diseases. This review systematically summarizes the role and application prospects of MSC-derived exosomes in regulating pyroptosis for disease treatment. Studies have indicated that MSC-derived exosomes not only precisely regulate the process of pyroptosis but also offer new insights and methods for future disease therapies, and therefore, MSC-derived exosomes possess significant clinical translational value.