Abstract
Dental caries remains a global public health challenge, traditionally managed through fluoride-based strategies that enhance enamel remineralization and inhibit demineralization. However, concerns regarding fluoride resistance, fluorosis, and the growing demand for minimally invasive alternatives have stimulated interest in bioactive, plant-derived compounds. Galla chinensis extract (GCE), rich in polyphenols and tannins, has emerged as a promising candidate with dual effects on hard tissue repair and microbial control. This scoping review aimed to assess the evidence on Galla chinensis extract (GCE) as a non-fluoride agent for enhancing enamel and dental hard tissue remineralization and preventing dental caries. A structured search of available literature was conducted, focusing on experimental, in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies evaluating GCE's biological properties, mechanisms of action, and translational potential in dentistry. Our findings indicate that GCE consistently promotes mineral deposition and enhances enamel surface microhardness, effectively inhibiting demineralization processes. In addition, GCE exhibits strong antimicrobial activity against cariogenic biofilms, particularly Streptococcus mutans, highlighting its potential to reduce caries risk by modulating the oral microbiome. Preliminary clinical studies show favorable outcomes, although the available evidence is limited in scale and duration. Collectively, these results demonstrate a dual action of GCE: supporting enamel repair while concurrently suppressing cariogenic activity. This suggests that GCE may serve as a promising adjunct or alternative to conventional fluoride-based strategies within minimally invasive dentistry. However, further well-designed clinical trials are necessary to confirm its efficacy, safety, and long-term benefits in caries management.