Abstract
This study reported the development and characterisation of bio-nanocomposite films based on the polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) reinforced with cellulose nanofibres (CNFs) of different concentrations (1-5 wt%), isolated from pineapple leaf fibre via high-shear homogenisation and ultrasonication. The PVA film and bio-nanocomposite were prepared using a solution casting method. The PVA film and bio-nanocomposite samples were characterized using FE-SEM, XRD, FTIR spectroscopy, UV-vis spectroscopy in transmission mode, TGA, and DTG. Mechanical properties (tensile strength and strain at break) were also determined and statistical analysis was applied as well. With the incorporation of CNFs, the mechanical properties of the bio-nanocomposite were found to be significant (p ≤ 0.05), particularly the 4 wt% CNF bio-nanocomposite showed optimum properties. The tensile strength, CI, and thermal stability of this film were 28.9 MPa (increased by 28.2%), 78.7% (increased by 5.2%), and 341.8 °C (increased by 1.6%), respectively, compared to the pure PVA film. These characteristics imply that the bio-nanocomposite film has prospects as a promising material for biopackaging.