Abstract
G0S2, formally known as G0/G1 switch gene 2, functions as an inhibitor of adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL), a key enzyme in lipolysis that hydrolyzes triglycerides (TG) to diacylglycerol and fatty acid (FA). G0S2 can directly interact with ATGL, suppressing its hydrolase activity. Recently, G0S2 has been implicated in immune system abnormalities, chronic inflammation, and tumorigenesis. However, the underlying mechanisms and roles of G0S2 in immune system disorders and cancer remain incompletely understood. In this review, we provide an overview of the current knowledge on G0S2, highlighting its regulation at different levels and unveiling its potential as a diagnostic and prognostic marker in immune-related diseases and cancer. The discussion covers the roles of G0S2 in lipolysis, lipid synthesis, inflammation, and various cancers.