Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are important in both healthy and unhealthy states, and this review looks at how they interact with hormones. As key messengers of intercellular communication, EVs are rich in a variety of bioactive molecules and play a significant role in the in vivo environment. Hormones, as core mediators of organismal functions, affect the production and release of EVs through various signaling pathways, thereby regulating the function of target cells. Conversely, EVs can also carry biologically active molecules that significantly influence hormone synthesis and secretion. In this review, we discuss the effects of different hormones (such as estrogen, testosterone, and follicle-stimulating hormone) on EVs, as well as the regulatory effects of EVs on hormone secretion. This reveals the potential clinical applications of this field, including the possibility as a biomarker. To further the creation of novel diagnostic instruments and treatment approaches, additional research into the molecular mechanisms underpinning this relationship is require.