Abstract
OBJECTIVE: The increasing demand for precision medicine has spurred molecular diagnostic investigations to emphasize the utility of miRNA as significant biomarkers. Recent studies have underscored miRNA's role as prognostic, diagnostic, and therapeutic biomarkers in managing and monitoring multiple myeloma patients. This review aims to present the latest insights on the potential of circulating miRNA as prognostic, diagnostic, and therapeutic biomarkers in bortezomib-resistant multiple myeloma. METHODS: For this purpose, a comprehensive thematic literature review from January 2014 and August 2024 was conducted utilizing the databases CINAHL, Pubmed, and Google Scholar. Twenty pertinent studies were meticulously analyzed and categorized into the following sections: Bortezomib (BTZ) resistance in multiple myeloma, the predictive role of miRNAs in BTZ resistance, the impact of circulating miRNAs in multiple myeloma, and the potential of circulating miRNA as prognostic, diagnostic, and therapeutic biomarkers. RESULTS: Of note, eight studies identified circulating miRNAs as diagnostic miRNA biomarkers (i.e., miR-744, miR-130a, let-7d, let-7e, miR-34a, etc.). In comparison, nine studies identified several circulating miRNAs that can be used as prognostic biomarkers (i.e., miR-20a, miR-483-5p, mir-1246, let-7a, let-7e, etc.). Moreover, five studies identified circulating miRNAs as promising therapeutic biomarkers (i.e., mir-15a, mir-92a, mir-19a, etc.). This discovery can significantly enhance early detection, accurate diagnosis, prognosis, overall survival rates, and quality of life for patients with multiple myeloma. CONCLUSION: Based on this evidence, exploring circulating miRNAs as a potential noninvasive biomarker for multiple myeloma represents a noteworthy advancement. This is attributed to the abundance of miRNAs in plasma or serum, which exhibits remarkable stability against enzymatic degradation.