Abstract
Worldwide, kidney disease has grown to be an important global public health agenda that reduces longevity. Medical institutions around the globe should enhance screening efforts for kidney disease, to facilitate early kidney disease detection, diagnosis, and intervention. Common screening methods for nephropathy encompass renal tissue biopsy, urine dry chemistry tests, urine formed element analysis, and urine-specific protein assays, among others. These methodologies evaluate renal health by scrutinizing a spectrum of biomarkers. Precise classification and quantitative analysis of these biomarkers can assist in determining the site and extent of kidney injury, as well as in assessing treatment efficacy and prognosis. In this paper, we reviewed the methods and biomarkers for kidney disease and also the integration of multiple biomarkers. With the aim of reasonable applying these markers to the early detection, accurate diagnosis, and scientific management of kidney disease, thereby mitigating the threat posed by kidney disease to human health.