Abstract
This article provides an overview of conventional, new, and future treatment options for sickle cell disease (SCD), a genetic disorder affecting the production of hemoglobin. Current treatments include hydroxyurea, a conventional SCD treatment that increases the levels of fetal hemoglobin, and new treatments such as voxelotor, a recently approved SCD treatment that selectively binds hemoglobin, preventing formation of sickled red blood cells. In addition to discussing the mechanisms of action of current SCD treatments, potential side effects are also discussed, highlighting the need for new treatments that can address the limitations of current treatments and improve the quality of life for people with SCD. Future treatments, such as gene therapy, are also explored as promising treatment options for SCD patients.