Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Irritability and aggression are among the most common reasons that children are referred to outpatient mental health services and represent symptoms of several child psychiatric disorders. Over the past 40 years, several types of psychosocial interventions have been developed to treat these problems. This review examines well-established interventions for childhood irritability and aggression as well as newer interventions with a growing evidence base. METHOD: This is a narrative review of evidence-based psychosocial treatments for childhood irritability and maladaptive aggression highlighting the key principles, techniques, and assessment tools as relevant to clinical practice. RESULTS: Parent management training and cognitive-behavioral therapy both have extensive evidence bases and are recognized as efficacious interventions for childhood aggression and disruptive behavior. There is also accumulating evidence that these modalities as well as dialectical behavior therapy can be helpful for irritability in the context of severe mood dysregulation and disruptive mood dysregulation disorder. Technology-based and telehealth interventions for childhood aggression and irritability show promising results and potential to improve access to services. Lastly, measurement-based care, while still a developing area in child mental health, may provide a promising addition to enhancing the efficacy and precision of psychosocial treatments of childhood aggression and irritability. CONCLUSION: Parent- and child-focused psychosocial interventions such as parent management training, cognitive-behavioral therapy, and their combination can be helpful for the reduction of irritability and aggression. Well-powered randomized controlled trials with outcome measures that reflect current conceptualization of maladaptive aggression and irritability are needed to extend this evidence base to older adolescents and to examine the role of co-occurring psychopathology in treatment response.