Abstract
BACKGROUND: This study utilizes Mendelian randomization to investigate melanoma's epidemiological patterns and genetic variants for improved disease prevention and control. METHODS: We combined SNP data from GTEx V8 eQTL and FinnGen databases for Mendelian randomization analysis, and performed single-cell analysis on melanoma samples. RESULTS: Melanoma rates were higher in men than women and increased with age. Key SNPs like rs12703054 were identified as causally associated with melanoma. Single-cell analysis revealed cellular heterogeneity in the tumor microenvironment, with HLA-E, ZNF578, CDK4, SRPK2, and TSPAN31 identified as potentially significant genes. CONCLUSION: Our integrated analysis of epidemiological patterns and genetic determinants of melanoma provides evidence for targeted surveillance of high-risk populations and establishes groundwork for developing personalized treatment approaches.