Abstract
Tobacco-free workplace policies (TFWPs) are underused evidence-based interventions that reduce the elevated use of tobacco among substance use treatment center (SUTC) employees and patients. SUTC employees' anticipated concerns about stakeholder pushback are barriers to TFWP adoption. Examination of discrepancies between anticipated and actualized employee-reported TFWP concerns arising from coworkers, patients, and community members in the context of leadership concerns and tobacco cessation care availability for employees may inform strategies to increase TFWP uptake. This study analyzed changes in employee-reported TFWP concerns from before to after a comprehensive tobacco-free workplace intervention that included TFWP implementation, using Chi-square/Fisher's exact tests. Preimplementation leadership policy concerns and tobacco cessation care availability were examined as moderators in generalized linear mixed models. Overall, 452 employees and 13 leaders provided data from 13 SUTCs collectively serving >82 000 patients annually. Results revealed significant decreases over time in employee-reported concerns about TFWP resistance from coworkers. Moderation analyses indicated that employee-anticipated concerns from coworkers and patients, respectively, were less likely to be actualized in SUTCs where leadership endorsed preimplementation TFWP concerns, whereas employee-reported patient concerns rose over time in SUTCs where leadership had no initial implementation concerns. Additionally, employee-anticipated concerns from coworkers were overestimated in SUTCs that did not offer tobacco cessation care to employees. Results supporting the nonactualization of anticipated employee concerns following TFWP implementation can be used to engage other SUTCs for TFWP adoption. Furthermore, moderation effects may suggest that center characteristics translate to greater attention to rollout, ultimately enhancing TFWP stakeholder acceptance.