Abstract
BACKGROUND: The electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) market is heterogeneous with a wide variety of devices and liquids available to consumers. People with distinct sociodemographic characteristics may have different ENDS device and liquid preferences. METHODS: 1290 U.S. adults (21 + ) using ENDS 5 + days/week completed the Wave 5 (February-April 2023) VAPER study survey and submitted photos of their most used ENDS device and liquid. Latent class analysis (LCA) was performed based on sociodemographic characteristics and cigarette smoking status to identify groups among respondents. We examined the association between identified groups and the device (disposable device/disposable pod/refillable pod/tank, power/airflow/coil modifiability)/liquid (nicotine salt/freebase) groupings found by exploratory factor analysis. RESULTS: Among our sample, there were three groups of adults frequently using ENDS: (1) group of women who are older, heterosexual, and have smoked cigarettes (62 % of the sample); (2) group of men who are higher-income and heterosexual (23 % of the sample); and (3) group of women who are younger and LGBTQ+ (16 % of the sample). The third group was more likely to use non-adjustable disposable devices with a nicotine salt liquid and less likely to use adjustable tanks with a freebase liquid than the other two groups (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: We found three distinct groups of adults frequently using ENDS. The group of younger LGBTQ + women was different from the other two groups in use of device and liquid characteristics. Our findings can enhance understanding of people using ENDS and inform the expected impacts of ENDS regulatory efforts to protect public health.