Abstract
OBJECTIVES: This study examined how adult dual users of cigarettes and electronic nicotine delivery system (ENDS) flavor preference varied by demographics, tobacco history, motives, and expectancies for ENDS, and how ENDS flavor preference was associated with changes in cigarette and ENDS use over 12 months. METHODS: Data come from the baseline and 12-month waves of an observational study of adult dual cigarette and ENDS users (N = 406). Flavor preferences were grouped into 4 categories: tobacco (12.6%), menthol/mint (34.7%), sweet (44.8%), and other (7.9%). RESULTS: Users of sweet-flavored ENDS were significantly younger than those who used tobacco- or menthol flavors. Black dual users were significantly more likely than other racial groups to use menthol and less likely to use sweet flavors. Dual users who preferred sweet flavors smoked cigarettes on fewer days than those who preferred tobacco and menthol flavors, were less cigarette dependent, more strongly endorsed boredom reduction expectancies and motives related to taste and sensory experience and were more likely to stop smoking by 12 months. CONCLUSIONS: Dual users of cigarettes and ENDS who preferred sweet flavored ENDS differed in demographics, tobacco history, motives, expectancies, and smoking changes. Findings have implications for interventions and regulations.