Background
Clonidine has been used in clinical medicine, e.g., to treat high blood pressure and other conditions. Animal studies have linked its use to impairments of male reproductive functions, and although only a few reports exist for the human species, such actions may exist in man as well. The underlying reasons and, specifically, possible actions of clonidine at the level of the testis are not known. Introduction: Clonidine is an agonist at the α2A-adrenoceptor (ADRA2A), which, as data bank mining indicated, is expressed by several cells of the human testis. The human testis and most of its cells are, however, not readily accessible to experimental testing. Cells from the peritubular wall compartment (human testicular peritubular cells; HTPCs) are the exception.
Conclusion
Thus, ADRA2A-bearing cells in the human testis are targets for catecholamines and drugs such as clonidine. The results of this HTPCs-focused study only show the tip of the iceberg. It is likely that catecholamines/catecholaminergic drugs have the potential to interfere with human testicular functions.
Results
As shown by immunohistochemical/immunocytochemical and PCR techniques these cells express ADRA2A and retain expression upon isolation and culture. When tested over a concentration range (1-1000 µM) and 24 h, clonidine did not visibly affect HTPC morphology but significantly stimulated IL6 mRNA levels in a concentration-dependent manner. ELISA measurements of cell culture supernatants confirmed a stimulatory action of clonidine (10 µM) on secreted IL6. When examined in collagen gel contraction assays of HTPCs, clonidine (10 µM) exerted a slight relaxing action, while a proteomic study revealed that clonidine (10 µM) did not significantly change cellular protein abundance of HTPCs after 24 h (data available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD052220).