Abstract
RATIONALE: Malignant transformation of mature cystic teratoma is very rare, of which squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the most common type. Prognosis of SCC arising in mature cystic teratoma of the ovary is very poor. Our experience may provide new ideas for the treatment of this disease. PATIENT CONCERNS: The patient was a 56-year-old woman and was admitted for a lower abdominal pain. She underwent a laparoscopic surgery with 4 cycles of chemotherapy and had achieved a complete response; 10 months after the completion of initial treatment, her cancer relapsed. She underwent a cytoreductive surgery with concurrent chemoradiotherapy and has achieved a complete response again. DIAGNOSES: This patient was initially diagnosed with ovarian cancer (stage IIIB) arising from malignant transformation of mature teratoma; 10 months after the completion of initial treatment, she was diagnosed with recurrent ovarian cancer. INTERVENTIONS: This patient was initially treated with laparoscopic bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. After histopathological confirmation that she had ovarian cancer, she underwent laparoscopic total hysterectomy and omentectomy with 4 cycles of chemotherapy. After her ovarian cancer recurred, she underwent open cytoreductive surgery and concurrent chemoradiotherapy. OUTCOMES: The patient achieved complete response after both initial and relapsed treatment. LESSONS: Optimal cytoreduction and concurrent chemoradiotherapy may be an option to improve the prognosis of patients with recurrent SCC arising in ovary mature cystic teratoma.