Cooccurrence of elevated urea levels and dinoflagellate blooms in temperate estuarine aquaculture ponds

In hybrid striped bass aquaculture ponds, dinoflagellate blooms were found on 10 of 14 occasions to co-occur with concentrations of urea in excess of 1.5 microM nitrogen. When urea levels were <1.5 microM nitrogen, on seven occasions, no evidence of dinoflagellate blooms was observed in these ponds.