Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Wide-targeted metabolome analysis has been applied in studies on the biology of mammals, plants, and microorganisms. However, there are still issues regarding both analytical and informatics technologies for establishing an untargeted and comprehensive analysis of hydrophilic primary and secondary metabolites. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to develop an improved chromatographic method for analyzing hydrophilic metabolites and an annotation method for these diverse metabolites. METHODS: We investigated the performance of a pentafluoro phenylpropyl-functionalized column (PFP column) for the comprehensive analysis of hydrophilic metabolites by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Peaks were annotated using MS/MS spectral similarity searches of the predicted and experimental MS/MS spectra in metabolite structure databases. RESULTS: The improved retention and peak shapes of the standard compounds were obtained using LC-MS analysis with a PFP column. The mobile phases comprised water with 0.1% formic acid and methanol with 0.1% formic acid and 10 mM ammonium formate. From the annotation results of the 48 standard compounds, the chemical structures were correctly annotated in 54% of the compounds. However, over 70% of the compounds were annotated as biologically relevant based on the natural product classification. When these methods were applied to the analysis of tomato fruits, 658 and 458 peaks were detected and annotated in the positive and negative ion analyses, respectively. CONCLUSION: Metabolome analysis combined with LC-MS analysis and annotation can contribute to the comprehensive analysis of hydrophilic metabolites.