Abstract
Objectives: To examine three elastic band resistance training (EB-RT) modalities-high-velocity (HVRT), accentuated eccentric (Aecc), and maximal strength (Max)-on bone health, strength, redox-inflammatory profile, and neuroplasticity in sedentary older adults. Methods: Sixty-one participants (69.41 ± 4.61 years) were randomly assigned to HVRT (n = 21), Aecc (n = 13), Max (n = 10), or passive controls (n = 17). Training was conducted three times a week for 16 weeks. Sessions included four sets of alternating upper- and lower-limb EB exercises, with intensity guided by the OMNI-RES EB scale. HVRT emphasized explosive concentric actions [~70% one-repetition maximum (1RM); 3-4 rating of perceived exertion in the first repetition (RPE-1)]. Aecc performed 5 s eccentric overload [>100% 1RM; 7-8 RPE-1]. Max employed controlled 2 s concentric/eccentric actions [~80-85% 1RM; 7-8 RPE-1]. Results: All training groups improved isokinetic strength (p < 0.01, g = 0.91-2.40). HVRT increased brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) (p = 0.019, g = 0.42) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) (p < 0.001, g = 0.31). Aecc elicited the strongest osteoanabolic and antioxidant effects (P1NP, p = 0.001, g = 1.21; β-CTX, p < 0.001, g = 1.82; F2-isoprostanes, p = 0.007, g = 0.94). Max induced moderate bone turnover benefits (P1NP, p = 0.005, g = 1.08; β-CTX, p < 0.001, g = 1.12), but no GPx or BDNF gains. Controls maintained or declined all variables. Conclusions: EB-RT over 16 weeks improved most outcomes overall, showing modality-specific trends: HVRT favored neuroplasticity, Aecc enhanced redox-inflammatory and bone remodeling responses, and Max improved strength and bone health. These findings support elastic band resistance training as a safe and individualized strategy for healthy aging.