Abstract
BACKGROUND: Using remote monitoring technology in the context of Alzheimer disease (AD) care presents exciting new opportunities to lessen caregiver stress and improve patient care quality. The application of wearables, environmental sensors, and smart home systems designed specifically for patients with AD represents a promising interdisciplinary approach that integrates advanced technology with health care to enhance patient safety, monitor health parameters in real time, and provide comprehensive support to caregivers. OBJECTIVE: The objectives of this study included evaluating the effectiveness of various remote sensing technologies in enhancing patient outcomes and identifying strategies to alleviate the burden on health care professionals and caregivers. Critical elements such as regulatory compliance, user-centered design, privacy and security considerations, and the overall efficacy of relevant technologies were comprehensively examined. Ultimately, this study aimed to propose a comprehensive remote monitoring framework tailored to the needs of patients with AD and related dementias. METHODS: Guided by the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) framework, we conducted a systematic review on remote monitoring for patients with AD and related dementias. Our search spanned 4 major electronic databases-Google Scholar, PubMed, IEEE Xplore, and DBLP on February 20, 2024, with an updated search on May 18, 2024. RESULTS: A total of 31 publications met the inclusion criteria, highlighting 4 key research areas: existing remote monitoring technologies, balancing practicality and empathy, security and privacy in monitoring, and technology design for AD care. The studies revealed a strong focus on various remote monitoring methods for capturing behavioral, physiological, and environmental data yet showed a gap in evaluating these methods for patient and caregiver needs, privacy, and usability. The findings also indicated that many studies lacked robust reference standards and did not consistently apply critical appraisal criteria, underlining the need for comprehensive frameworks that better integrate these essential considerations. CONCLUSIONS: This comprehensive literature review of remote monitoring technologies for patients with AD provides an understanding of remote monitoring technologies, trends, and gaps in the current research and the significance of novel strategies for remote monitoring to enhance patient outcomes and reduce the burden among health professionals and caregivers. The proposed remote monitoring framework aims to inspire the development of new interdisciplinary research models that advance care for patients with AD.