Abstract
The association between KCNJ5 mutations and the risk of developing new-onset diabetes (NOD) in patients with unilateral primary aldosteronism (uPA) remains underexplored. To investigate this association, we conducted a longitudinal study using data from the Taiwan Primary Aldosteronism Investigation database. Our sample included 360 patients with uPA who underwent adrenalectomy between 2012 and 2017, 191 (53.1%) of whom had KCNJ5 mutations in their adrenal adenomas. We found that patients with uPA harboring KCNJ5 mutations had a higher rate of complete clinical success (69.5% vs. 43.8%; P < 0.01) and complete biochemical success (93.8% vs. 86.6%; P = 0.04) compared with those without KCNJ5 mutations at 6 months to 1 year after adrenalectomy. Over an average follow-up period of 8.5 years, multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that patients with uPA with KCNJ5 mutations had a significantly lower risk of developing NOD (hazard ratio [HR] 0.41; 95% CI 0.17-0.996; P = 0.049). Additionally, we identified higher BMI (HR 1.23; 95% CI 1.11-1.37; P < 0.01) and lower estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR; HR 0.98; 95% CI 0.97-0.99; P = 0.01) as potential predictors of NOD based on baseline characteristics. The association between patients with uPA without KCNJ5 mutations and higher incidence of NOD was less pronounced in subgroups characterized by younger age, higher BMI, higher eGFR, and lower potassium levels. In conclusion, patients with uPA without KCNJ5 mutations had a higher incidence of NOD, with 13.6% affected during long-term follow-up. Our findings suggest that patients with uPA without KCNJ5 mutations may require more frequent follow-up for NOD after adrenalectomy.