Abstract
Background/Objectives: Vertical ridge augmentation remains a critical challenge in implant dentistry for addressing inadequate alveolar bone height. The inlay technique, or sandwich osteotomy, has gained attention for its potential to improve graft vascularization and predictability. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the clinical outcomes of the inlay technique. Methods: A systematic search was conducted in Cochrane Library and Medline databases for studies published from 2015 to 2025 to capture the most recent studies and advancements specifically focusing on the inlay technique. Inclusion criteria encompassed observational and interventional studies, including randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and cohort and case series with a focus on outcomes related to the inlay technique. Key outcomes were extracted and analyzed, including implant survival rates, MBL, vertical bone gain, and surgical complications. Results: Eleven studies involving 352 patients and more than 612 implants were included, with a mean follow-up of 2.27 ± 2.69 years (range: 4 months to 8 years). The implant survival rates ranged from 84.5% to 100%. Mean vertical bone gain varied from 2.69 to 4.4 mm. Complications were fewer with the inlay technique compared to onlay and other grafting methods, with significantly reduced graft-related failures and soft tissue issues. Conclusions: The inlay technique shows good vertical bone augmentation with high implant survival rates and fewer complications compared to other reconstructive techniques. Longer follow-up studies are needed to support its value in managing vertically deficient ridges. Moreover, further studies with extended follow-up are required to evaluate long-term marginal bone loss.