Abstract
OBJECTIVE: The diameter of wool fiber is a crucial phenotypic trait and a key determinant affecting its economic value. Understanding the regulatory mechanisms that influence wool fiber diameter is a fundamental approach to optimizing wool fineness. METHODS: This study involved the selection of fine-wool Alpine Merino sheep with three distinct fiber diameter ranges for detailed whole-transcriptome and proteome analyses of skin tissues. RESULTS: This led to the identification of key microRNAs (oar-miR-23a, oar-miR-23b, oarmiR-150, and oar-miR-218a), critical circular RNAs (circRNA3051, circRNA0315, and circRNA_1477), and multiple pivotal genes (LOC10112037, LOC105614079, IGFBP1, IGFBP4, and MAPK9). Correlation analysis was utilized to develop a comprehensive regulatory network, revealing a close regulation of wool fiber diameter and both energy metabolism and lipid metabolism. CONCLUSION: This study found that the triglyceride and energy metabolic pathways as significant factors influencing of wool fiber diameter, thus offering a theoretical basis for promoting wool industry through the refinement of wool diameter and quality.