Abstract
OBJECTIVE: This review aims to examine the challenges of opportunistic viral infections in transplant recipients on long-term immunosuppression and to explore the potential of emerging immunotherapies to improve infection management. METHODS: We summarize the mechanisms and effects of current clinical immunosuppressants, outline the incidence of viral infections following various organ transplants, and discuss the limitations of existing antiviral pharmacotherapies. Furthermore, we systematically review recent advances in novel immunotherapies that harness the patient's immune system. RESULTS: While immunosuppressive regimens significantly improve graft survival, they increase susceptibility to viral infections. Emerging immunotherapies demonstrate promising potential in managing these infections, yet their application in transplant recipients remains underexplored. CONCLUSION: Innovative immunotherapies represent a promising avenue for overcoming the limitations of conventional treatments. Their integration into transplantation practice may enhance long-term outcomes, although further clinical validation is needed.