Abstract
BACKGROUND: Both human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections increase the risk of hepatic steatosis (HS), which in turn contribute to the severity and progression of liver disease. Direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) can cure HCV but whether they reduce HS is unclear. METHODS: HS was assessed using the controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) and the Hepatic Steatosis Index (HSI) in participants coinfected with HIV and HCV from the Canadian Coinfection Cohort. Changes in HS, before, during, and after successful DAA treatment were estimated using generalized additive mixed models, adjusted for covariates measured prior to treatment (age, sex, duration of HCV infection, body mass index, diabetes, prior exposure to dideoxynucleosides, and hazardous drinking). RESULTS: In total, 431 participants with at least 1 measure of CAP or HSI before treatment were included. CAP steadily increased over time: adjusted annual slope 3.3 dB/m (95% credible interval [CrI], 1.6-4.9) before, and 3.9 dB/m (95% CrI, 1.9-5.9) after DAA treatment, irrespective of pretreatment CAP. In contrast, HSI changed little over time: annual slope 0.2 (95% CrI, -0.1 to 0.5) before and 0.2 (95% CrI, -0.1 to 0.5) after, but demonstrated a marked reduction during treatment -4.5 (95% CrI, -5.9 to -3.1). CONCLUSIONS: When assessed by CAP, HS was unaffected by DAA treatment and steadily increased over time. In contrast, HSI did not appear to reflect changes in HS, with the decrease during treatment likely related to resolution of hepatic inflammation. Ongoing HS may pose a risk for liver disease in coinfected people cured of HCV.