Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major public health burden. In HBV endemic regions, high prevalence is also correlated with the infections acquired in infancy through perinatal transmission or early childhood exposure to HBV, the so-called mother-to-child transmission (MTCT). Children who are infected with HBV at a young age are at higher risk of developing chronic HBV infection than those infected as adults, which may lead to worse clinical outcome. To reduce the incidence of HBV MTCT, several interventions for the infants or the mothers, or both, are already carried out. This review explores the newest information and approaches available in literature regarding HBV MTCT prevalence and its challenges, especially in high HBV endemic countries. This covers HBV screening in pregnant women, prenatal intervention, infant immunoprophylaxis, and post-vaccination serological testing for children.